Kalo misalnya teman-teman dapat hadiah dari seseorang secara ngga sengaja, ekspresi apa yang bakal teman-teman tunjukin???
jawaban :pastinya "Expression Surprise"
Atau kalo teman-teman dapat kabar yang sama sekali ngga disangka-sangka, ekspresi apa juga yang bakal teman-teman tunjukin buat ngeresponnya???
jawaban : "Expression Disbeliefs"
Nhaa...untuk menjawab pertanyaan di atas, simaklah uraian berikut ini !!!
Expression surprise is expression which someone when get a surprise.
Surprise can have valence. It can be neutral expression, pleasant or accordingly some would not categories surprise in itself as an emotion or every human.
Expressing surprise
• Here are some other expressions to show surprise.
Telling surprising news
 Guess what!
 Surprise!
 I’ve got news, for you
 Do you know what?
 You won’t believe it!

A preposition is a word or groups of words used before a noun or a pronoun to show place, position, time or method.
 Preposition in usage with periods of times and places.
Examples:
• Months = in April
• Seasons = in winter
• Country = in Greece
• City or town names = in New York
• Times of the day = in the morning, afternoon, or evening.
Exception: at noon, at night
 Preposition on usage with specific days.
Examples: on Friday, on New Year’s Day, on April 16
Note: American English = ‘on the weekend’ or on ‘weekends’
 Preposition at usage with specific times and specific places.
Examples: at 7 o’clock, at 6.15, at night, at school
Note: British English = ‘at the weekend’ or ‘at weekends’

In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.
Introductory “it” can fill the position both of the subject and object.
Introductory “it” as a subject:


To watch musical programs is pleasant.
IT IS PLEASANT TO WATCH MUSICAL PROGRAM.


To play football must be fun.
IT IS FUN TO PLAY FOOTBALL.

Do you know "FINITE VERB ?"...

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.
Every grammatically correct sentence or clause must contain a finite verb; sentence fragments not containing finite verbs are described as phrases.
Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like Thanks for your help! has an interjection where it could have a subject and a finite verb form (compare I appreciate your help!).
In English, as in most related languages, only verbs in certain moods are finite. These include:
• the indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs); e.g., "The bulldozer demolished the restaurant," "The leaves were yellow and stiff."
• the imperative mood (giving a command).
• the subjunctive mood (expressing something that might or might not be the state of affairs, depending on some other part of the sentence); nearly extinct in English.
A verb is a word that expresses an occurrence, act, or mode of being. Finite verbs, sometimes called main verbs, are limited by time (see tense), person, and number.
The finite verbs are highlighted in the following sentences:
The bear caught a salmon in the stream.
Who ate the pie?
Stop!


A nonfinite verb form - such as a participle, infinitive, or gerund - is not limited by by time (see tense), person, and number.
Verb forms that are not finite include:
• the infinitive
• participles (e.g., "The broken window...", "The wheezing gentleman...")
• gerunds and gerundives
In linguistics, a non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject; and more generally, it is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language, such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person. As a result, a non-finite verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause; rather, it heads a non-finite clause.
By some accounts, a non-finite verb acts simultaneously as a verb and as another part of speech; it can take adverbs and certain kinds of verb arguments, producing a verbal phrase (i.e., non-finite clause), and this phrase then plays a different role — usually noun, adjective, or adverb — in a greater clause. This is the reason for the term verbal; non-finite verbs have traditionally been classified as verbal nouns, verbal adjectives, or verbal adverbs.
English has three kinds of verbals: participles, which function as adjectives; gerunds, which function as nouns; and infinitives, which have noun-like, adjective-like, and adverb-like functions. Each of these is also used in various common constructs; for example, the past participle is used in forming the perfect aspect (to have done).
Other kinds of verbals, such as supines and gerundives, exist in other languages.
Example:
The finite verbs are the underlined words.
The Crow and the Fox
One day a crow finds a tasty piece of cheese. She picks it up, flaps her wings, and flies to a high branch of a tree to eat it.
…………….

Simple future is used for describing job or action that will to do (happened) at future.
A. In order to
1. Future tense “will”
a. To assert incident/event that future and decide that incident at talking.
Example= A: can you help me to do this home work?
B: of course, I will do it for you.


b. To offer to do something.
Example= A: I don’t have a pen to write.
B: don’t worry. I will lend you.


c. To assert an agreement to do something.
Example= A: you must come to my party.
B: I promise I will come on party.


d. To ask someone to do something.
Example= A: it’s very hot in my room.
B: certainly.


e. To predict event that will be happened
Example= A: will I pass the test next month?
B: don’t worry, you will pass.


f. To assert an incident/event that will be sure happened.
Example= A: I’m seventeen years old now.
How old will I be next year?
B: you will be eighteen years old next years.
All people and animals in the world will die


2. Future tense “shall”
a. To assert a deal or gift suggestion
Example= Today, we are free.
Where shall we go?
Note: shall for subject “I, we”


3. Future tense “be going to”
a. To assert an incident that will be happened and gone ever break a promise to do it.
Example= A: Did you send my letter for her?
B: oh, I’m sorry I forgot.
I’m going to send it tonight.


b. To assert an incident/event that cause there are incident/event that mention that what will be next happened.
Example= A: The sky is very dark.
What do you think?
B: I think it’s going to rain


B. Time signal
1. Tomorrow…
 Morning
 Afternoon
 Evening
 Night
2. Next…
 Time
 Week
 Month
 Year
 January
3. Tonight
4. The day after tomorrow
5. Soon
6. Later
7. Two, three more days
8. Two, three days later
9. By and by


C. Formation of sentences
1. Positive (+):
a. Subject + shall/will + VI
Example: I shall clean the room
We will go to school
She will give a present
Note: “shall” just can use for subject “I and We”


b. Subject + be + going to + VI
Example: I am going to play tennis
They are going to swim very fast
He is going to write a story






2. Negative (-)
a. Subject + shall/will + not + VI
Example: I shan’t buy a shirt
He won’t clean the room
Note: shall not = shan’t
Will not = won’t


b. Subject + be not + going to + VI
Example: I am not going to give a present


3. Interrogative (?)
a. Shall/will + subject + VI ?
Example: will we play tennis?


b. Be + subject + going to + VI ?
Example: is she going to write a story?

Hmm,,,berdasarkan informasi yang saya dapat dari berbagai sumber kalo nggak salah Modals in the past form itu adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau... Bener nggak yaa??? Langsung aja yuk kita pelajari bersama about "Modals in the past form"

Modals
present Past
can could
will would
shall should
may might


1. Could + Verb base
 to offer suggestions or possibilities
Example: Patrick : Oh, no! I left my shorts.
Spongebob : Don’t worry, Patrick. You could borrow my shorts.
Asmi : I’m having trouble with English.
Randah : Why don’t you ask Agnes? Perhaps she could help you.
 to indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.
Example: Tasya : Ras, can you climb the durian tree?
Rasya : Well… I could climb durian tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.
Mia : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?
Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river very well and faster.
 to express polite requests
Example: Could I borrow your pencil (please)?
Could you lend me your jacket now?
Could you please close the door?
Could you pass the salt?
2. Would + Verb base
 for an action that was repeated regularly in the past
Example: When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.
On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.
 insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences
Example: Justin : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?
Eminem : I would rather go to the party than stay home.


Angel : Which country would you rather visit?
Maria : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.
 to express polite requests
Example: Andi : Would you mind cycling with me, Kala?
Kala : No, not at all. It would be nice.
Mikola : Would you please pass the helmet, Bella?
Bella : No problem.
3. Should + Verb base
 to give definite advice (advisability)
Example: Bunda : Putri, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?
Putri : I will, Bunda.


Debby : You should paint your door, Bobby. It looks terrible.
Bobby : Yes, I know I should.
 to express the subject’s obligation or duty:
Example: You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)
They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.
Application should be sent before March 25th.
4. Might + Verb base
 to tell possibilities
Example: David : Where is Deddy?
Copperfield : He might be in the studio with Kalina.
 To express polite requests
Example: Tian : Might I borrow your coat?
Ringgo : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Donny for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.

 

Hayooo teman-teman !!! siap-siap buat materi kita yang satu ini, yaitu... News Item !!! Pasti udah pada tau kan kalo berita itu sangat pentiiiiing,,, apalagi berita-berita baru entah menyenangkan ataupun juga yang nggak menyenangkan... buat yang pengen jadi reporter atau penyiar berita, bagus banget nih buat belajar News Item... yuuk kita belajar sama-sama ,,,

News item is to inform the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. Is structure is:
• Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form
• Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances.
• Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities’ expert on the event.
Significant Grammar Features:
 Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
 Generally using Simple Past Tense
 Use of Material Processes to retell the event
 Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.
 Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell
 Focus on Circumstances
 Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages


There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
5. Headlines are not always complete sentences.

Attic People store things in the attic.
Ballroom A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room A small room used for storage.
Cellar Underneath the house.
Cloakroom A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room A room where people eat.
Drawing Room A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall The entrance passage to a house.
Larder A small room used for the storage of food.
Library A room where books are kept.
Lounge Another name for living room.
Music Room A room where people play music.
Office A room where people work.
Pantry A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room Another name for living room.
Spare Room/
Guest Room A room where guests sleep.
Toilet A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.


Things you may find around the house


light bulb(s) plug(s) socket(s) torch(es)


ceiling light(s) lamp(s) curtain(s) shelf (shelves)


(tele)phone(s) box(es) plug(s) battery (batteries)


photo(graph)(s) television table mirror




picture
washtafel
bathtupe lamp




Example:
Here is a conversation between Mrs Smith (Joan) and husband Steve.
It's Saturday and Joan and Steve are decorating.
Joan : Steve, you missed a bit.
Steve : Where?
Joan : Here, on the wall just by the window, you can see a patch of white.
Steve : Oh yes, I see it. It's difficult in this light.
Joan : I know, well at least we have finished this room, only five more to go.
Steve : Are you sure you want to put wallpaper up in the lounge?
Joan : Yes, but don't worry, I'm really good at wallpapering. I just wish that John would decide on what he wants his room doing in.
Steve : I know, it's difficult when you're a boy. At least he's grown out of Star Wars, I keep thinking he'll ask for red and black or something equally gruesome.
Joan : Yes, but it is his room. I'm glad we decided not to move though. Maybe we should think about building an extension to the kitchen instead.
Steve : One thing at a time please! Lets get this decorating over and done with first.
Joan : Ha! Oh by the way you missed a bit by the door too!
Steve : Hmmm, thanks. Here's a brush.

 DIRECT SPEECH
Refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said.


 INDIRECT SPEECH
Refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
IN TIME EXPRESSIONS AND PRONOUNS
DIRECT SPEECH
Now
Today
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Last week
Next week
The day before yesterday
INDIRECT SPEECH
Then
That day/ that night
The day before/the previous day
The next day/following day
The previous week
The following week
Two days before
For example:
Direct speech
“I’m going to the cinema”, he said
Indirect speech
He said he was going to the cinema
There are 3 kinds of reported speech:
1. Command/request
2. Question
3. Statement

 

Wuuh,,,ketemu lagi nih sama materi "Invitation"...
Tapi invitation yang gimana yaa yang bakal dipelajarin di semester 2 ???
yaaps pastinya invitation yang pake sistem tertulis atau sejenis undangan gitu...

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.
Here are some expressions you can use to invite someone and accept invitation.
INVITING SOMEONE
 I would like to invite you to come to my house
 If you are not busy, please try to come to my office
 Will you come to my party on Saturday night?
 Shall we see the film?
ACCEPTING AN INVITATION
 Great! Let’s do it.
 Thank you. I’d like too.
 That’s a good idea.
 That would be very nice.
DECLINING AN INVITATION
 I’m really sorry about that.
 Sorry, I can’t. I have to do something
 I’d love to. But I can’t

 

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:


* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..


These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:


* I'm calling to find out...
* I'm calling about...

The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.
Nia : Would you like a cup of tea, Mr, Owyedz?
Mrs. Owyendz: Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this tea tastes good....and smells fragrant too.......
Nia : thank you. I’m glad you like it.


Ways to say it


* Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr Green?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. kiki?
* Would you care some salad?


Ofering to friends:


* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself


Less formal expressions:


* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don't you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?


Declining an offering


* No, thanks.
* No, really won't, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.


Accepting an offering:


* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I'd like it very much
* That would be very nice